Network segmentation is a cybersecurity practice where a computer network is divided into sub-networks, also known as segments, to boost performance and improve security. Each segment functions as a separate entity with its own set of policies and access controls, effectively isolating it from other segments. This design limits the reach of potential intruders, as breaching one segment doesn't automatically grant access to the entire network. Network segmentation is particularly useful for organizations with large, complex infrastructures that need to safeguard sensitive information or comply with regulatory standards. By creating segments dedicated to specific departments or types of data, network administrators can optimize traffic flow and implement targeted security protocols, reducing the overall risk of data breaches or unauthorized access. Additionally, segmentation can improve network performance by limiting the broadcast domains and reducing congestion. However, effective network segmentation requires careful planning, including the mapping of data flows and identification of security requirements, to ensure that it meets organizational needs while not becoming overly complicated to manage.