The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnected network of physical devices that communicate and exchange data with each other through the internet. These devices, which can range from everyday household items like refrigerators and thermostats to industrial machinery, are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to collect and transmit data. IoT aims to create a smarter, more efficient world by enabling seamless interactions between human beings and computer-based systems. For instance, a smart home equipped with IoT devices can automatically adjust lighting and temperature based on user behavior, while in industrial settings, IoT sensors can monitor equipment performance to predict maintenance needs. As IoT technologies continue to mature, they promise to revolutionize a wide range of sectors, including healthcare, transportation, and agriculture. However, the rapid expansion of IoT also raises significant security and privacy concerns, given the vulnerability of connected devices to hacking and data breaches.