Interoperability refers to the ability of different systems, devices, or applications to communicate, share, and operate with each other seamlessly, without requiring special adaptations or conversions. In a technological context, this means that hardware and software from various vendors can work together to perform tasks and exchange information efficiently. Interoperability is crucial in today's interconnected world, as it enables diverse systems to integrate and function as a cohesive unit, enhancing the user experience, promoting innovation, and reducing costs. For example, in healthcare, interoperability between electronic health record systems allows for more effective data sharing among healthcare providers, leading to better patient care. Similarly, in the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), interoperability ensures that devices from different manufacturers can work together in smart homes or industrial setups. However, achieving interoperability often involves overcoming challenges such as proprietary standards, data security concerns, and technical complexities, requiring concerted efforts from industry stakeholders.