Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) is an advanced cryptographic scheme that allows for more fine-grained access control over encrypted data compared to traditional methods. Unlike classical encryption systems where a single secret key is used to either grant or deny access to an encrypted resource, ABE enables encryption based on certain attributes or conditions. In ABE, a user's decryption key and the encrypted data are both associated with a set of attributes or a policy. A user can only decrypt the data if their attributes match the policy associated with the encrypted data, providing a more nuanced level of access control. This capability is especially useful in scenarios where secure data sharing among multiple parties with different permission levels is required, such as in cloud computing, healthcare information systems, and secure collaboration platforms. ABE thus provides a way to enforce complex security policies while preserving privacy and reducing the administrative burden of managing numerous keys for different levels of access.