Globalization refers to the process by which countries, economies, and cultures become more interconnected and interdependent through increased trade, communication, and movement of people and ideas across borders. Fueled by advances in technology and transportation, globalization has accelerated in recent decades, leading to a more integrated world economy where goods, services, capital, and information flow more freely. While the phenomenon has brought about numerous benefits, such as economic growth, technological progress, and cultural exchange, it has also raised complex challenges and inequalities. Critics argue that globalization can exacerbate income disparities, contribute to the exploitation of labor, and result in environmental degradation. Additionally, the global interconnectedness has implications for geopolitics, as issues such as climate change, public health, and security increasingly require coordinated international responses. Cultural aspects of globalization, such as the spread of Western media and consumer goods, have both enriched and complicated local identities and traditions. In essence, globalization is a multifaceted and contentious process that has transformative impacts on various sectors of society, requiring nuanced understanding and governance to harness its potential while mitigating its drawbacks.